The main methods of tungsten ore beneficiation are physical dressing methods such as pre-selection, re-election, flotation and magnetic separation; chemical beneficiation methods are used for difficult-to-select minerals and low-grade concentrates. Ore into tungsten-based reselection to wolframite and flotation beneficiation processes based scheelite mineral beneficiation process according to the characteristics of the alternative.
Hematite processing process of black tungsten ore The black tungsten ore has the characteristics of high mining depletion rate, low grade, coarse grain size, high density, small hardness, easy muddy and deep color. The ore dressing method is mainly re-election. The process includes pre-selection, grading re-election, selection and comprehensive recovery, and fine mud treatment.
Before the pre-selection, the washing, de-sludge and grading are carried out first, and the methods of hand selection, photoelectric selection and heavy medium dressing are pre-selected. The waste rock which accounts for 50% of the original ore is discarded in advance, and the WO3 grade in the waste rock is 0.012% to 0.016%. The preselection enriches the WO3 grade of the ore from 0.25% to 0.3% to 0.45% to 0.8%, and the recovery rate is 96% to 98%. After the pre-selection, the ore is crushed to -12mm for grading and re-election, and the coarse-grained ore adopts three-stage jigging. The jigging is mainly selected by double-dip diaphragm jig. The large-scale concentrator uses a 1000mm×1000mm MeHaHoБp type jig, and the China Dajishan Tungsten Plant uses a self-made 600mm×900mm side-moving diaphragm jig. Shaker re-selection is carried out in 4-6 stages. One or two stages of grinding are required before the re-election of the shaker, and there is also a grinding process using re-grinding of the medium ore. A section of grinding uses a rod mill, and a section of grinding uses a ball mill or a rod mill. The elbow and convex roller shakers are used for sorting, and some of the tungsten sorting plants in China use spring-loaded shakers. The recovery rate of re-election operations is on average more than 90%. Large and medium-sized tungsten processing plant are featured with associated metal comprehensive recovery process. The small tungsten ore plant coarse ore concentrate is sent to a specialized selection plant for selection and comprehensive recovery. Selected re-election, platform floating, flotation, magnetic separation, electric selection, chemical beneficiation, etc. The selected recovery rate is 95% to 98%. Shaker used to further improve the selection of tungsten concentrate grade, floating units and associated sulphide ore flotation comprehensive recovery, electrostatic separation and magnetic separation wolframite, cassiterite and niobium-tantalum ore. Chemical beneficiation is used to treat refractory tungsten ore and low grade concentrates to produce synthetic scheelite and ammonium paratungstate. Comprehensive Recovery may be obtained tin, molybdenum, copper, lead, zinc, bismuth, sulfur, gold, silver, antimony, beryllium, lithium, potassium, arsenic, rare metals, rare element, crystal 20 kinds of products from tungsten ore. There is still a certain potential for the comprehensive utilization of associated elements in most tungsten concentrators in China.
The content of WO3 in tungsten fine mud is higher than that of ore, and the metal occupation rate is about 15%. Most tungsten preparation plants have a fine mud metal recovery rate of less than 50%. The tungsten fine mud is sorted by a shaker, a belt chute and a centrifugal concentrator. Separation of tungsten fines by a single shaker has a low recovery rate. Since the 1960s, centrifugal beneficiation, centrifugal beneficiation-flotation, strong magnetic separation-flotation combined mineral processing has increased the recovery rate of tungsten fines beneficiation by 10%-20%.
The sulphur ore beneficiation process adopts two processes of single flotation and re-election-flotation according to the ore size of the ore. The fine-grain-impregnated scheelite ore is generally a single flotation process, and the coarse-grained scheelite ore The re-election-flotation joint process is the main one.
Scheelite frequently with a variety of sulfide ore, a common molybdenite, chalcopyrite and pyrite like. During the ore dressing process, the sulfide ore is first floated and then the scheelite is floated. The flotation of scheelite is carried out in an alkaline medium, and the pH of the slurry is adjusted to 9 to 10.5 with sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. Commonly used inhibitors are water glass, tannin, various phosphate. Commonly used collectors are sodium oleate, tart oil, oxidized paraffin soap, etc. These collectors have foaming properties, and the flotation process generally no longer adds a foaming agent.
The scheelite has good flotation, but it is often symbiotic with fluorite , calcite , apatite, barite , and gangue minerals containing calcium and strontium, which complicates the selection process. In order to improve the selectivity of scheelite and calcium-containing gangue mineral flotation, multi-metal salts, such as ferrous sulfate, are commonly used in combination with water glass to improve the flotation effect of scheelite. The scheelite normal temperature lime method and the strong agitation shear flocculation method can also improve the selective separation effect of fine scheelite and gangue minerals such as fluorite and calcite. In order to avoid the loss of tungsten and ensure the high recovery rate of refractory scheelite ore, first select low-grade (15% to 30% WO3) concentrate, and then chemically process to produce synthetic white tungsten or ammonium paratungstate.
The machine used is called a squaring shear, power shear, or guillotine. The machine may be foot powered, less commonly hand powered, or mechanically or hydraulically powered. It works by first clamping the material with a ram. A moving blade then comes down across a fixed blade to shear the material.
Metalworking guillotines operate by a clamp securing the sheet of material. Similar to the action of scissors, the blade shears the material, starting at one side of the sheet. ...... In hydraulic guillotines, energy for the tool comes from pressure in a hydraulic ram.
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