High environmental standards force China's paper industry

The paper industry, one of the four major inventions in ancient China, is facing more stringent environmental protection standards. The “Water Pollution Prevention Action Plan” issued by the Chinese government a few days ago puts papermaking into the scope of treatment of the top ten key water pollution industries, and requires the closure of small enterprises with poor environmental protection facilities.
The plan points out that by the end of 2017, the Chinese papermaking industry will strive to complete the pulp-free elemental chlorine bleaching reform or adopt other low-pollution pulping technologies; by 2020, papermaking and other high-water-consuming industries will reach advanced fixed-rate standards. This standard will be formulated by various departments such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.
For small and medium-sized paper-making companies, if no change is made, this plan and its proposed standards have basically defined its life cycle. But for some large paper companies, this may be a "good news." Chen Hongguo, chairman of Chenming Group, one of the leading Chinese cultural paper companies, said that the more stringent the environmental standards, the more orderly the market competition will be, and the economic and ecological benefits will achieve a win-win situation.
Chenming Group is an early-stage enterprise in China's papermaking industry that has started the advanced treatment and reuse of pulp and paper wastewater. In the Chenming Shouguang production base sewage treatment plant, 40,000 cubic meters of COD (chemical oxygen demand) in the company's 60,000 cubic meters of wastewater discharged every day are controlled within 300mg/L, and are transported to the municipal sewage treatment plant through pipelines for further processing. Another 20,000 cubic meters of water reuse water reuse project will reduce the COD to 60mg/L for production.
COD is considered to be the most important indicator for monitoring water pollution in the paper industry. China's papermaking capacity and output have ranked as the largest paper-making province in China for 19 consecutive years. It is through continuous improvement of this indicator that it has eliminated a large number of heavily polluting SMEs in more than a decade. In 2014, Shandong produced 17.5 million tons of paper and paperboard, which accounted for about 17% of the country's total output.
In the early 90s of the last century, the pollution was so serious that the smell of smoked heaven had caused the paper industry in Shandong to suffer from social condemnation. Wang Zefeng, chairman of the Shandong Paper Industry Association, said that almost every county in Shandong had paper mills, and some townships had several paper mills. The number of papermaking enterprises in the province exceeded 1,000. Because there is no sewage treatment facility, papermaking wastewater seriously pollutes rivers.
Since the mid-1990s, Shandong has stepped up efforts to enforce environmental protection in the papermaking industry, and forced paper companies to increase their investment in environmental protection. In the same period, Shandong closed large-scale papermaking, small-grass pulp enterprises with large pollution, and developed waste pulp and commercial wood pulp.
In 2003, Shandong Province took the lead in releasing local standards for water pollutants discharge from the papermaking industry and gradually tightened it. By 2010, all enterprises in the province will implement unified pollutant discharge standards. That is, COD key protected areas will carry out 60 mg/L, general protected areas. Implementation of 100mg/L, this standard is stricter than the original national standard 4 to 7 times.
Increased environmental standards and strict enforcement of laws have resulted in a significant drop in COD emissions from papermaking companies. In 2013, papermaking COD emissions in Shandong Province were 34,000 tons, which was about 80% lower than in 2005. At the same time, a large number of companies that do not meet environmental standards have withdrawn from the papermaking industry. Today, there are only less than 300 papermaking companies in Shandong, but the competitiveness and scale of enterprises have increased significantly.
According to the Shandong Paper Industry Association, there are 28 enterprises with an annual output of 100,000 tons or more in Shandong, and Chenming, Huatai, Sun, Bohui, Century Sunshine, and Asia Pacific Sumbo with a total output of over 1 million tons. Ninety-one percent of the province's total output, of which Chenming, Huatai, and Sun have entered the top 50 in the world.
While their own environmental protection technologies are improving, some paper-making companies further extend these technologies and processes to the public domain. China's largest wood pulp manufacturer, Asia Pacific Simpo Shandong Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd. invested 68 million yuan to build China's first reprocessed urban sewage for pulp and paper production. According to Li Jiansha, general manager of the company, this project can save more than 10 million tons of fresh water annually, reduce annual COD emissions by 370 tons and ammonia nitrogen by 40 tons.
Although more Chinese paper makers have made significant progress in the level of environmental protection, environmental pressures are only one aspect for them. In 2013, the output of China's paper industry experienced the first negative growth since the founding of New China. In 2014, this trend was basically continued. At the same time, overcapacity, serious product homogeneity and the impact of electronic media have caused all companies to face more severe tests.
Zhang Fengshan, Chief Engineer of Huatai Group, which changed two newsprint production lines into high-end paper materials such as high-grade textbooks, said that since 2011, the domestic newsprint market has declined at a rate of about 10% per year, while the Chinese government has increasingly paid attention to energy conservation and eliminate waste. The move will also shrink some cultural paper markets.
“The entire papermaking industry in China is about to change again,” Zhang Fengshan said. “Either to eliminate backwardness and promote the healthy development of the industry or to improve the environment, strict environmental protection standards are a new opportunity for all companies.”

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