The "Proposal for the Twelfth Plan of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating a National Economic and Social Development" (hereinafter referred to as the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" proposal) proposes to deepen the reform of resource-based product prices and factor markets, and straighten out coal, electricity, and oil. The prices of natural gas, water, minerals, and other resource products will improve the formation mechanism of important commodities, services, and factor prices.
Coal power is listed in the first two categories of energy price reforms. Some analysts believe that the price of coal power has been adjusted to the point where it has to be made. The contradiction between "market coal" and "planned electricity" with many years of grievances must be found to solve breakthroughs, otherwise it will affect the normal development of the industry.
On October 30, a report issued by the China Electricity Council (hereinafter referred to as CEC) pointed out that due to the uncorrected coal price and the price increase of coal, all thermal power companies in the 10 provinces in the country have suffered losses. Power generation companies face the risk of capital chain breakage due to losses; plus the fact that at the time when the northern heating season is approaching the winter coal storage of power plants, some power plants have no money to buy coal, and this may result in the risk of failing to guarantee the supply of electricity and heat.
Promoting the price reform of coal-fired power and other resource products has become a consensus within the industry. Chang Bingbing, Secretary of Development Planning Department of the National Energy Administration pointed out that during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the reform of the energy system was promoted, the market operation mechanism was improved, energy investment management was improved, and energy taxation was strengthened. Financial policy guidance, strengthen the legislative construction and industry management, and promote the scientific development of the energy industry.
This means that the reform of energy prices and energy systems will reopen the curtain. Before that, the National Development and Reform Commission and the SASAC have started related work on energy system and price reform, but the National Energy Administration as the energy authority has Has not become the main body of the dominant reform.
Traceability of reforms The China Electric Power Association (CEC) has called for further reform of electricity prices: First, in the process of forming a reasonable electricity price mechanism, we will continue to adhere to the principle and mechanism of coal-electricity linkage, and at the same time solve the problem of long-term inversion of thermal power prices. The second is to increase the demand side of management, play a role in guiding the price of the demand for regulation; rationalize the various terminal energy parity relationship, and guide users to reasonably consume all kinds of energy. The third is to speed up the reform of the price mechanism of resource products, and to study as soon as possible a scientific and reasonable electricity price formation mechanism that meets the laws of the market and adapts to China's national conditions.
The coal-electricity linkage mechanism was actually formed in 2004 as early as 2004. After the country completely liberalized the price of coal, it rationalized the relationship between coal and electricity prices, promoted coordination and sustainable development of the coal and power industries, and was approved by the State Council. Coal price linkage.
In May 2005 and June 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission twice organized the implementation of coal price linkages, which increased the nationwide sales price by an average of 5.02 cents per kilowatt-hour.
However, this linkage mechanism could not be implemented any more. In 2007, the price of thermal coal continued to rise, and the increase was more than 5% of the coal price linkage mechanism. However, in order to mitigate the impact of electricity price adjustments on CPI, coal electricity was not implemented. Price linkage policy.
Since 2008, the price of thermal coal has continued to rise sharply. The country raised the on-grid tariff twice on July 1 and August 20 of that year, but due to the increase in inflation pressure at that time, the sales price did not adjust until 2009. It only raised the sales price for electricity in the year.
However, in reality, there are still some problems in coal price linkage so far. Taking the coal link as an example, China's coal prices have not been completely formed by the market. The structural contradictions of coal are outstanding, and the coal price information system is not perfect.
“In the power generation sector, the coal price is determined every year, and the volatility is excessive. The coal price linkage mechanism does not reflect the actual situation well, and it is difficult for power generation companies to accept a 30% digestion rate,†said the report of the State Grid Energy Research Institute.
In fact, in addition to the above two links, there is no limit to the increase in sales price for electricity sales, and there is no clear measure to adjust the structure of the sales price. In the linkage between the on-grid price and the coal price, the pressure to synchronize the sales price is greater. .
This also means that the coal price linkage mechanism “undermines†under certain conditions, and the electricity and coal industries are not satisfied. In addition, the refined oil price mechanism and the natural gas pricing mechanism are also facing pressure from public opinion. The National Development and Reform Commission has previously made public statements and is studying some defects in the refined oil pricing mechanism.
Reform direction Experts have suggested that China's current coal price linkage program can refer to Japan and the United States. It is understood that Japan currently implements a "fuel charge adjustment system," which corresponds to changes in fuel charges. The charges are adjusted automatically every three months. Each adjustment adjusts the price of various fuel imports of the previous quarter as announced by the customs statistics. The monthly average is based on.
In the United States, before the bidding for power generation, the on-grid price and the selling price are divided into two parts: base price and fuel adjustment cost.
An expert who has long studied U.S. energy sources said in an interview with this newspaper that the basic price was approved by the federal government, the fuel price of on-grid electricity price was floating, and the fuel adjustment cost of selling electricity price was linked with the fuel adjustment fee of the power plant.
“After bidding on the grid for generating electricity, changes in the price of coal and other major fuels for power generation are mainly driven by market forces. The fuel price adjustment is set in the sales price to reflect the impact of changes in fuel prices on electricity prices,†said the expert.
However, in China’s energy supply, taking coal as an example, in the transportation sector, due to the tightness of railway transportation, the coal and electricity companies have to bear “grey freight†which is outside the national approved railway freight rate. This is almost in the coal-fired power industry. It is a well-known "hidden rule."
In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" proposal, it is clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of the modern energy industry and the comprehensive transportation system, promote the transformation of energy production and utilization methods, and build a safe, stable, economic, and clean modern energy industry system.
"If we really need to rationalize the price mechanism of coal and electricity, we should establish an intervention mechanism for abnormal fluctuations in the price of coal in the coal sector, and at the same time adopt a variety of supporting policies and measures to stabilize coal prices and suppress unreasonable large fluctuations in the prices of electric coal." An expert from the State Grid Energy Research Institute said.
However, in the energy sector, it is generally believed that by reducing government intervention in coal prices, special earning money should be levied on coal in a timely manner, government and enterprises should be separated in the coal industry, the distribution of railway transportation capacity should be reformed, a national unified coal trading market established, and coal prices established. Information systems and indicator systems and other measures to stabilize coal prices.
"This is the fundamental solution to the contradiction between coal and electricity, but these tasks need to coordinate many departments and industries, and it is not easy to do it," said the above experts.
Since the tariff adjustment will not only reflect the price of coal, but also include changes in the price of natural gas and nuclear fuel, in addition to coal prices, a reasonable assessment of the various fuel prices, fuel calorific value, fuel consumption level of electricity generation in order to determine the on-grid price linkage standards.
Therefore, the expert of the State Grid Energy Research Institute believes that the adoption of online power price changes and the simultaneous adjustment of sales price, and the application scope of sales price linkage should be expanded to link with the on-grid price of nuclear power and renewable energy.
"At the same time, the transmission and distribution tariffs of power grid operators should be properly verified in accordance with the internationally accepted transmission and distribution pricing mechanism." The above experts believe that, as of now, the separation of main and auxiliary grid companies has not yet been completed, and transmission and distribution prices cannot be truly accounted for. This will still take some time.
The above experts further suggested that the electricity price should be set with reference to the ticket price to set a “fuel surcharge†and divide the user electricity price into two parts: normal electricity price and fuel surcharge. "The change in fuel prices will be directly reflected in the changes in surcharges." The above experts finally said.
Coal power is listed in the first two categories of energy price reforms. Some analysts believe that the price of coal power has been adjusted to the point where it has to be made. The contradiction between "market coal" and "planned electricity" with many years of grievances must be found to solve breakthroughs, otherwise it will affect the normal development of the industry.
On October 30, a report issued by the China Electricity Council (hereinafter referred to as CEC) pointed out that due to the uncorrected coal price and the price increase of coal, all thermal power companies in the 10 provinces in the country have suffered losses. Power generation companies face the risk of capital chain breakage due to losses; plus the fact that at the time when the northern heating season is approaching the winter coal storage of power plants, some power plants have no money to buy coal, and this may result in the risk of failing to guarantee the supply of electricity and heat.
Promoting the price reform of coal-fired power and other resource products has become a consensus within the industry. Chang Bingbing, Secretary of Development Planning Department of the National Energy Administration pointed out that during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the reform of the energy system was promoted, the market operation mechanism was improved, energy investment management was improved, and energy taxation was strengthened. Financial policy guidance, strengthen the legislative construction and industry management, and promote the scientific development of the energy industry.
This means that the reform of energy prices and energy systems will reopen the curtain. Before that, the National Development and Reform Commission and the SASAC have started related work on energy system and price reform, but the National Energy Administration as the energy authority has Has not become the main body of the dominant reform.
Traceability of reforms The China Electric Power Association (CEC) has called for further reform of electricity prices: First, in the process of forming a reasonable electricity price mechanism, we will continue to adhere to the principle and mechanism of coal-electricity linkage, and at the same time solve the problem of long-term inversion of thermal power prices. The second is to increase the demand side of management, play a role in guiding the price of the demand for regulation; rationalize the various terminal energy parity relationship, and guide users to reasonably consume all kinds of energy. The third is to speed up the reform of the price mechanism of resource products, and to study as soon as possible a scientific and reasonable electricity price formation mechanism that meets the laws of the market and adapts to China's national conditions.
The coal-electricity linkage mechanism was actually formed in 2004 as early as 2004. After the country completely liberalized the price of coal, it rationalized the relationship between coal and electricity prices, promoted coordination and sustainable development of the coal and power industries, and was approved by the State Council. Coal price linkage.
In May 2005 and June 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission twice organized the implementation of coal price linkages, which increased the nationwide sales price by an average of 5.02 cents per kilowatt-hour.
However, this linkage mechanism could not be implemented any more. In 2007, the price of thermal coal continued to rise, and the increase was more than 5% of the coal price linkage mechanism. However, in order to mitigate the impact of electricity price adjustments on CPI, coal electricity was not implemented. Price linkage policy.
Since 2008, the price of thermal coal has continued to rise sharply. The country raised the on-grid tariff twice on July 1 and August 20 of that year, but due to the increase in inflation pressure at that time, the sales price did not adjust until 2009. It only raised the sales price for electricity in the year.
However, in reality, there are still some problems in coal price linkage so far. Taking the coal link as an example, China's coal prices have not been completely formed by the market. The structural contradictions of coal are outstanding, and the coal price information system is not perfect.
“In the power generation sector, the coal price is determined every year, and the volatility is excessive. The coal price linkage mechanism does not reflect the actual situation well, and it is difficult for power generation companies to accept a 30% digestion rate,†said the report of the State Grid Energy Research Institute.
In fact, in addition to the above two links, there is no limit to the increase in sales price for electricity sales, and there is no clear measure to adjust the structure of the sales price. In the linkage between the on-grid price and the coal price, the pressure to synchronize the sales price is greater. .
This also means that the coal price linkage mechanism “undermines†under certain conditions, and the electricity and coal industries are not satisfied. In addition, the refined oil price mechanism and the natural gas pricing mechanism are also facing pressure from public opinion. The National Development and Reform Commission has previously made public statements and is studying some defects in the refined oil pricing mechanism.
Reform direction Experts have suggested that China's current coal price linkage program can refer to Japan and the United States. It is understood that Japan currently implements a "fuel charge adjustment system," which corresponds to changes in fuel charges. The charges are adjusted automatically every three months. Each adjustment adjusts the price of various fuel imports of the previous quarter as announced by the customs statistics. The monthly average is based on.
In the United States, before the bidding for power generation, the on-grid price and the selling price are divided into two parts: base price and fuel adjustment cost.
An expert who has long studied U.S. energy sources said in an interview with this newspaper that the basic price was approved by the federal government, the fuel price of on-grid electricity price was floating, and the fuel adjustment cost of selling electricity price was linked with the fuel adjustment fee of the power plant.
“After bidding on the grid for generating electricity, changes in the price of coal and other major fuels for power generation are mainly driven by market forces. The fuel price adjustment is set in the sales price to reflect the impact of changes in fuel prices on electricity prices,†said the expert.
However, in China’s energy supply, taking coal as an example, in the transportation sector, due to the tightness of railway transportation, the coal and electricity companies have to bear “grey freight†which is outside the national approved railway freight rate. This is almost in the coal-fired power industry. It is a well-known "hidden rule."
In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" proposal, it is clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of the modern energy industry and the comprehensive transportation system, promote the transformation of energy production and utilization methods, and build a safe, stable, economic, and clean modern energy industry system.
"If we really need to rationalize the price mechanism of coal and electricity, we should establish an intervention mechanism for abnormal fluctuations in the price of coal in the coal sector, and at the same time adopt a variety of supporting policies and measures to stabilize coal prices and suppress unreasonable large fluctuations in the prices of electric coal." An expert from the State Grid Energy Research Institute said.
However, in the energy sector, it is generally believed that by reducing government intervention in coal prices, special earning money should be levied on coal in a timely manner, government and enterprises should be separated in the coal industry, the distribution of railway transportation capacity should be reformed, a national unified coal trading market established, and coal prices established. Information systems and indicator systems and other measures to stabilize coal prices.
"This is the fundamental solution to the contradiction between coal and electricity, but these tasks need to coordinate many departments and industries, and it is not easy to do it," said the above experts.
Since the tariff adjustment will not only reflect the price of coal, but also include changes in the price of natural gas and nuclear fuel, in addition to coal prices, a reasonable assessment of the various fuel prices, fuel calorific value, fuel consumption level of electricity generation in order to determine the on-grid price linkage standards.
Therefore, the expert of the State Grid Energy Research Institute believes that the adoption of online power price changes and the simultaneous adjustment of sales price, and the application scope of sales price linkage should be expanded to link with the on-grid price of nuclear power and renewable energy.
"At the same time, the transmission and distribution tariffs of power grid operators should be properly verified in accordance with the internationally accepted transmission and distribution pricing mechanism." The above experts believe that, as of now, the separation of main and auxiliary grid companies has not yet been completed, and transmission and distribution prices cannot be truly accounted for. This will still take some time.
The above experts further suggested that the electricity price should be set with reference to the ticket price to set a “fuel surcharge†and divide the user electricity price into two parts: normal electricity price and fuel surcharge. "The change in fuel prices will be directly reflected in the changes in surcharges." The above experts finally said.
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