Graphene is the thinnest and hardest material in the world. It is a two-dimensional crystal with only one atomic thickness, which is separated from graphite material and composed of carbon atoms. Its potential use is protective coating, transparent bendable electronic components, Ultra-large capacity capacitors can also be used in power batteries. The industry believes that this is the key to whether electric vehicles can achieve leapfrog development. Because of its potential use, British scientists who discovered graphene won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Because of the superiority of graphene as a new material, countries around the world have invested a lot of manpower and financial resources to promote their research and development and production. In China, the graphene industry has developed rapidly in recent years, and many graphene industrial parks and innovation and entrepreneurship platforms have emerged, driving the scale of the industry to grow. However, there are many bottlenecks in the development of graphene. "The development of the domestic graphene industry is still relatively extensive, and the thunder and rain are small. Many companies claim to have products that lead the times, but in fact they are not yet able to enter the market." Deputy Institute of Industrial Technology Research Institute, Ministry of Science and Technology Development Strategy Chang Zhizhi told the China Economic Herald that the bottleneck in the development of graphene in China is mainly focused on low-cost preparation of high-quality graphene, development of downstream applications, certification of graphene industry standards, and development of electronic devices using graphene material properties. "In the future development of graphene industry, it is necessary to strengthen the collaborative innovation of the industrial chain, so that the research and development of the graphene materials and the downstream application requirements are closely integrated." Chen Zhi said.
Extensive operation leads to a large amount of waste of graphite resources
Graphene has been gradually understood by people since 2010. In the following years, the development of graphene preparation technology continued to heat up. According to statistics, listed companies such as Gorgeous Family, Del Future, Northeast Securities, China Baoan, and Zhongtai Chemical have entered the graphene field through acquisitions and shareholdings.
The country's plan to use graphene as a strategic industry has given more expectations in the industry. "Made in China 2025" clearly states that China's graphene industry will form an industrial scale of 10 billion yuan by 2020, and will reach an industrial scale of 100 billion yuan in 2025. At present, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Deyang, Hebei, Beijing and other places have already laid out the graphene industry.
However, in stark contrast to upstream R&D and capital chasing heat, its downstream scale applications are often cold.
Zhao Meng, deputy secretary-general of China International Graphene Resources Industry Alliance, said: "The investment in graphene is like overheating in shipbuilding and photovoltaics." Zhao Meng pointed out that in the research of graphene, there are currently graphene-related enterprises in China. More than 500 research institutes, but mainly used as additives to repair traditional industries, while European and American research mainly focuses on high-end fields such as optoelectronic devices, sensors, medicines, and environmentally friendly materials.
At the China-Canada Graphene Industry and Application Symposium held this year, Liu Ronghua, deputy secretary-general of the Graphite Committee of the China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Association, exclaimed: "In the near future, we have conducted research on the graphene industry chain. The survey found that China Some graphene enterprises are still subject to factors such as immature preparation process, high cost, instability, etc., which leads to a slow process of commercialization and application."
Insiders pointed out that there are nearly a thousand graphite enterprises in China. Due to various reasons, these enterprises have indiscriminately excavated, exploited and abandoned poverty, extensive management, and low management level, resulting in a waste of graphite resources. According to relevant sources of the Ministry of Science and Technology: "If at present, according to the current mining method and speed, up to 20 years, the proven graphite resources in China will be exhausted. At that time, China will import graphite from abroad at a high price, and the graphite country will become a graphite poor country. â€
At the same time, graphene is also facing bottlenecks in high production costs and low production capacity. In the general understanding of people, graphene is a laboratory material, and the expensive price hinders its popularity. It is understood that the price of single-layer graphene 1 gram has reached thousands of dollars. The relevant person in charge of Ningbo Moxi Technology has said that the price of graphene can be reduced from 1,000 yuan/gram to 1 yuan/gram, but the actual data is still theoretical. Chen Zhi believes: "When a graphene material has good properties, whether it has high conductivity and thermal conductivity, whether it is peeled off in a single piece, and several layers, it determines whether the graphene product is of high quality. The prices of materials will vary. At present, China's technology research and development has not brought about price breakthroughs and advantages."
Industrialization still needs to be strengthened
"At present, the capital market has made graphene a 'God material', and listed companies are mostly at a loss, and the graphene market is too hot," said Xiao Jinsong, director of the Raw Materials Industry Research Institute of the CCID Research Institute.
On September 18th, at the China International Graphene Resources Industry Alliance Symposium, Nobel Laureate and Professor of the University of Manchester, Andrei Heim, pointed out that “the graphene is currently not large due to the constraints of preparation and application technology. Industrialization, but the prospect of industrialization of graphene is expected. According to the China Graphene Industry Alliance, the annual global production capacity of graphene reaches 100 tons, and will reach 1,000 tons in the next 5 to 10 years. By 2020, the global graphene market will exceed 100 billion yuan, of which China accounts for 50% to 80%. China will play a leading and central role in the global graphene industry.
"Most of the results are still in the laboratory stage, and they are still far from the industry." Chen Zhi said that according to the maturity cycle of the silicon material industry, it is estimated that the industrialization of graphene will take at least 5 to 10 years. How to break the game is the key.
The break is welcoming the dawn. On September 6, China's first graphene mass production base was put into operation in Xiamen. It is expected that the production capacity will reach 5,000 tons by 2020, aiming to comprehensively improve the high-priced and low-capacity graphene. "In the next three years, we will increase investment by 100 million yuan, build the research institute into a national-level graphene research laboratory, conduct in-depth research on industrial application, and build a global high-level graphene application research." The industry base investor Hengli Chen Mucheng, chairman of Shengtai Executive, said.
At the end of 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Innovation and Development of the Graphene Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"). The "Opinions" propose that by 2018, the benign interactive industrial system of the key aspects of graphene material preparation, application development, and terminal application will be basically established, and the product standards and technical specifications will be basically perfect. By 2020, a complete graphene industrial system will be formed. Formed a number of graphene enterprises with core competitiveness, and built a new industrialized industrial demonstration base featuring graphene.
In this regard, Chen Zhi suggested increasing policy support from the national level to form differentiated competition in the entire industry. “To avoid low-level redundant construction in different regions and cities; for local governments, it is necessary to guide the application of graphene and local industrial planning to form the upstream and downstream agglomeration effects of the industrial chain, continuously expand the industrial application and improve the innovation mechanism of the industrial park. And entrepreneurial services; graphene innovation companies must focus on breaking through the high-quality and stable production of graphene materials, and building new channels and new channels for demonstration applications."
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