Although the development of the aviation industry has provided opportunities for the development of numerically-controlled machine tools, due to the complicated shape of the components of aviation products, various materials, and strict processing accuracy, numerical control equipment is often required to be very strict. The development of future aviation industry puts forward the following requirements for CNC machine tools and equipments:
1. Demand for high-speed, high-efficiency numerical control equipment: High-speed cutting is being used in a large number of applications in aerospace component machining. Currently, the cutting speed of high-speed machining is 5 to 10 times that of conventional cutting, and the high-speed milling of aerospace components is provided at the cutting site. The spindle speed of the equipment has reached 24000r/min. High-speed cutting, first of all high speed, ie high spindle speed, on the other hand, should have a high feed rate, in order to improve efficiency, the machine must also have fast movement, rapid tool change, high spindle acceleration and feedrate Acceleration, high-speed cutting machining technology is a high requirement for the structure and material of CNC machine tools, machine tool design and manufacturing technology, high-speed spindle system, rapid feed system, high-performance CNC control system. CNC machine tool manufacturers to improve the accuracy of the premise, to improve the cutting speed of the machine is to adapt to aerospace parts processing direction.
2. Demand for multi-functional multi-axis CNC machining centers: With the improvement of the flight performance of aircraft products, the requirements for processing accuracy of modern aviation parts are also increasingly strict, and the accuracy error of complex shape surfaces is from the early ± (0.15 to 0.3). The mm has been increased to ±(0.08 to 0.12) mm, and the surface roughness has increased from Ra6.4 to 1.6 to Ra1.6 to 0.8. For aircraft structural parts typical of wing spars, fuselage frames, ribs, and wall panels, as well as aircraft engine parts that are typically represented by casings, integral blades, vanes, shafts, and disks, parts must be guaranteed. The surface quality, but also to ensure the processing of the position accuracy and shape accuracy, these parts are generally required to install a card, a positioning and machining, only a multi-axis machining center can meet the above requirements. At present, for aerospace components, the demand for composite equipment such as five-axis CNC milling machines and numerical control machine tools with five-axis linkage control and turntable structures has increased.
3. The need for CNC machine tools to adapt to the development of information technology: With the development of CAD, CAPP, CAM and other information technologies, many companies have established numerical control programming centers, data transmission, modular design, and group processing technologies to improve processing efficiency. The higher requirements are put forward for the hardware design of CNC machine tools. In addition, because aerospace materials are mostly precious rare metals or composite materials, the virtual cutting processing technology will be further applied. The so-called virtual cutting processing technology is in the part of the geometric parameters, materials Based on comprehensive physical modeling of physical properties, cutting parameters during processing, and processing physical processes (force deformation, thermal deformation, etc.), a computer-based numerical simulation technique is used to perform a practical comprehensive analysis of the dynamic conditions and processing results of the machining process. Emerging Technologies. It puts forward higher requirements on the software and hardware of CNC machine tools, and requires NC code to drive NC machine tools in the virtual machining environment to perform virtual cutting processing according to the actual conditions of NC machine tools. It can describe the real movement trajectory of the tool and complete the collision. Interference checking can also realistically describe properties such as shape and position errors, geometric dimensions, and surface roughness of finished workpieces. Virtual product parts are compared to design parts. If the part accuracy does not meet the design requirements, the process can be The parameters (feed rate, cutting speed, etc.) or the way the workpiece is chucked are adjusted and improved. If necessary, the structural design of the part can be improved to improve its machinability.
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