Safety valve works and functions
Safety valves are essential components in a system, designed to ensure safety by preventing overpressure conditions. When the pressure within the system exceeds a pre-set limit, the safety valve opens, allowing excess gas or fluid to be released into the atmosphere. This action helps maintain the system pressure below the maximum allowable level, thereby preventing potential damage or hazardous situations. A safety valve is also commonly referred to as a relief valve.
Several typical structures of safety valves exist. Figure a shows a piston-type safety valve, where the spool has a flat surface. When the system pressure exceeds the set value determined by the spring force, the piston is pushed open, allowing a portion of the compressed air to escape through the valve port. Once the pressure drops below the safety threshold, the spring forces the piston back down, closing the valve port again.
Figures b and c illustrate ball-type and diaphragm-type safety valves, respectively. Their working principles are similar to that of the piston-type valve. All three types are controlled by springs, and adjusting the spring preload allows for changes in the safety pressure setting. These are known as direct-acting safety valves.
Figure d presents a pilot-operated safety valve, which uses a small direct-acting valve to control the pressure on a diaphragm. The diaphragm acts as a central component that applies pressure against the valve seat. When the system pressure exceeds the safety limit, the spool opens, allowing compressed air to vent from the left output port into the atmosphere.
Compared to direct-acting valves, diaphragm-type and pilot-operated safety valves generally offer better pressure characteristics and faster response times. However, they have a relatively smaller opening force, meaning their flow capacity may be limited. In practical applications, it's important to select the appropriate type of safety valve based on specific system requirements. Additionally, the valve's maximum flow capacity should be considered when choosing the correct size and path for installation.
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