Safety valve works and functions
Safety valves are essential components in a system, designed to ensure safety by releasing excess pressure when it exceeds a predetermined limit. When the system pressure surpasses the set threshold, the safety valve opens, allowing a portion of the gas or fluid to vent into the atmosphere. This action prevents the system from experiencing overpressure conditions, thereby avoiding potential damage or hazardous situations. Safety valves are also commonly referred to as relief valves.
Several typical designs of safety valves exist, each with its own mechanism. Figure a illustrates a piston-type safety valve, where the spool is flat. When the system pressure exceeds the value set by the spring force, the piston is pushed open, enabling compressed air to escape through the valve port. Once the pressure drops below the safety threshold, the spring forces the piston back down, closing the valve port again.
Figures b and c depict ball-type and diaphragm-type safety valves, respectively. Their working principles are similar to that of the piston-type valve. All three types are controlled by springs, and by adjusting the spring preload, the set pressure can be modified. These are known as direct-acting safety valves due to their straightforward operation.
Figure d shows a pilot-operated safety valve, which uses a small direct-acting valve to control the pressure on a diaphragm. The diaphragm acts as the main control element, applying force to the valve seat. When the system pressure exceeds the safety level, the spool opens, allowing compressed air to vent from the left output port into the atmosphere.
Diaphragm and pilot-operated safety valves generally offer better pressure characteristics and faster response times compared to other types. However, they have a relatively lower opening force, which means their flow capacity is not as high. In practical applications, the choice of safety valve depends on specific system requirements, including the maximum flow rate needed. Selecting the right type ensures optimal performance and safety in various industrial and mechanical systems.
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