The great drought this winter and spring is just like a "double-edged sword", which has both advantages and disadvantages for the occurrence of wheat pests and diseases. It may have a certain inhibitory effect on overwintering disease (bug) sources such as wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew and other diseases and insect pests, but it has a significant role in promoting the damage of wheat long-legged spiders, wheat bifurcations, and gold leafworms, etc. In other words, "drought worms, rain and more disease" must not be taken lightly.
There are 38 kinds of common diseases and 37 species of insect pests in wheat in China. Among them, rust, powdery mildew, scab, sheath blight, root rot, aphid, midge, wheat spider, armyworm, and underground pests often cause pests and diseases. More than 10 kinds. According to expert consultation results, in 2009, the wheat disease and insect pests generally tended to be ecologically biased, with an area of ​​about 1 billion mu of land occurring nationwide. Wheat stripe rust has a potential threat of a national pandemic.
In summary, persistent drought and less rain in winter, high temperatures, leading to wheatgrass, wheat spiders, golden leafworm and other hilarities and pests aggravate; drought caused by poor wheat seedlings, wheat seedling resistance levels decreased, especially 3 ~ 5 The climatic conditions in the month are conducive to the growth and spread of major diseases and pests such as wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, sheath blight, and midge. Therefore, all localities must be highly vigilant to strengthen pest monitoring to avoid secondary disasters.
Wheat stripe rust prevention and control countermeasures: In the current emergency prevention and control of stripe rust, focus on the fight against the bacteria source control of the spring bacteria source area and the emergency prevention and control of the spring epidemic area. It is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of early-stage pharmaceuticals in the area of ​​bacteria, especially in the areas of spring germs in northwestern Hubei, Sichuan Basin, southern Henan, southern Shaanxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and efforts should be made to strengthen the prevention and treatment of winter and spring diseases. The drug reconnaissance discovered a point of control, and in the early spring (from the end of February to the beginning of March), the disease-fighting wheat fields were subject to unified control to control the spread of diseases to the main wheat producing area; for most of Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Shanxi, etc. In spring prevalent areas or local epidemic areas, it is imperative to strengthen the monitoring of the disease condition, pay close attention to the occurrence of disease, and prepare the medical equipment for emergency prevention and control in advance. There are many effective agents for controlling wheat stripe rust, mainly triazoles, diniconazole, propiconazole, tyropoxazole, Kehui and other triazole bactericides. All localities can consult the agricultural resources or plant protection department, according to local medicines. Source selection. For example, with 15% triadimefon powder per acre 80 ~ 100 grams, or 12.5% ​​fenfonomol suspension per acre 40 ml water spray, the control effect is ideal.
Wheat aphid prevention and control countermeasures: In terms of agricultural prevention and control, farmland management measures such as deep plowing of soil, alfalfa repression, and formula fertilization, as well as the use of crop diversity layout, effectively reduce the amount of overwintering alfalfa and adult populations of wheat bran. In terms of biological control, in the early spring and late autumn, we must pay attention to protecting the resources of natural enemies such as ladybugs during chemical prevention and control, and use selective agents for the safety of natural enemies to protect natural enemies from harm. When the ratio between the enemy and the wheat stubble is greater than 1:150 (100 stubbles are less than 150), no medication control is required. In the aspect of chemical prevention and control, prevention and control are achieved. When 100 strains of maggots have more than 500 locusts, or if the glutinous stalks rate is greater than 25%, they should be sprayed and controlled in time. The effective pharmaceuticals include 25% Diqing EC, 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC, 20% butylthiocarb EC and anti-influx, endosulfan, imidacloprid series, acetamiprid series, etc., which can be selected according to the source of the drug. .
Wheat spider prevention and control measures: The focus is wheat leg spider, combined with the local cultivation system, according to local conditions to take rotation crops, timely removal of weeds in the field, wheat harvest after ploughing, timely farming, early spring and other measures can significantly reduce the wheat spider The hazards occurred. After the spring wheat turns green, when there are more than 200 spiders per 30 cm line length, or 20% area of ​​upper wheat leaves have white spots, chemical control should be carried out in time. The choice of agents are avermectin pesticides, 20% zein WP, 15% fennel EC, 40% dimethoate or 50% malathion EC, sprayed with water. In addition, the use of 2% mixed aldicarb powder per acre or 2% 2kg of isoprocarb powder, about 25kg mixed soil application, are effective on both wheat spiders.
There are 38 kinds of common diseases and 37 species of insect pests in wheat in China. Among them, rust, powdery mildew, scab, sheath blight, root rot, aphid, midge, wheat spider, armyworm, and underground pests often cause pests and diseases. More than 10 kinds. According to expert consultation results, in 2009, the wheat disease and insect pests generally tended to be ecologically biased, with an area of ​​about 1 billion mu of land occurring nationwide. Wheat stripe rust has a potential threat of a national pandemic.
In summary, persistent drought and less rain in winter, high temperatures, leading to wheatgrass, wheat spiders, golden leafworm and other hilarities and pests aggravate; drought caused by poor wheat seedlings, wheat seedling resistance levels decreased, especially 3 ~ 5 The climatic conditions in the month are conducive to the growth and spread of major diseases and pests such as wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, sheath blight, and midge. Therefore, all localities must be highly vigilant to strengthen pest monitoring to avoid secondary disasters.
Wheat stripe rust prevention and control countermeasures: In the current emergency prevention and control of stripe rust, focus on the fight against the bacteria source control of the spring bacteria source area and the emergency prevention and control of the spring epidemic area. It is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of early-stage pharmaceuticals in the area of ​​bacteria, especially in the areas of spring germs in northwestern Hubei, Sichuan Basin, southern Henan, southern Shaanxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and efforts should be made to strengthen the prevention and treatment of winter and spring diseases. The drug reconnaissance discovered a point of control, and in the early spring (from the end of February to the beginning of March), the disease-fighting wheat fields were subject to unified control to control the spread of diseases to the main wheat producing area; for most of Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Shanxi, etc. In spring prevalent areas or local epidemic areas, it is imperative to strengthen the monitoring of the disease condition, pay close attention to the occurrence of disease, and prepare the medical equipment for emergency prevention and control in advance. There are many effective agents for controlling wheat stripe rust, mainly triazoles, diniconazole, propiconazole, tyropoxazole, Kehui and other triazole bactericides. All localities can consult the agricultural resources or plant protection department, according to local medicines. Source selection. For example, with 15% triadimefon powder per acre 80 ~ 100 grams, or 12.5% ​​fenfonomol suspension per acre 40 ml water spray, the control effect is ideal.
Wheat aphid prevention and control countermeasures: In terms of agricultural prevention and control, farmland management measures such as deep plowing of soil, alfalfa repression, and formula fertilization, as well as the use of crop diversity layout, effectively reduce the amount of overwintering alfalfa and adult populations of wheat bran. In terms of biological control, in the early spring and late autumn, we must pay attention to protecting the resources of natural enemies such as ladybugs during chemical prevention and control, and use selective agents for the safety of natural enemies to protect natural enemies from harm. When the ratio between the enemy and the wheat stubble is greater than 1:150 (100 stubbles are less than 150), no medication control is required. In the aspect of chemical prevention and control, prevention and control are achieved. When 100 strains of maggots have more than 500 locusts, or if the glutinous stalks rate is greater than 25%, they should be sprayed and controlled in time. The effective pharmaceuticals include 25% Diqing EC, 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC, 20% butylthiocarb EC and anti-influx, endosulfan, imidacloprid series, acetamiprid series, etc., which can be selected according to the source of the drug. .
Wheat spider prevention and control measures: The focus is wheat leg spider, combined with the local cultivation system, according to local conditions to take rotation crops, timely removal of weeds in the field, wheat harvest after ploughing, timely farming, early spring and other measures can significantly reduce the wheat spider The hazards occurred. After the spring wheat turns green, when there are more than 200 spiders per 30 cm line length, or 20% area of ​​upper wheat leaves have white spots, chemical control should be carried out in time. The choice of agents are avermectin pesticides, 20% zein WP, 15% fennel EC, 40% dimethoate or 50% malathion EC, sprayed with water. In addition, the use of 2% mixed aldicarb powder per acre or 2% 2kg of isoprocarb powder, about 25kg mixed soil application, are effective on both wheat spiders.