The automatic machine tools on both ends of the piston pin of the car are specially used to turn the end faces of the piston pin and the inner and outer corners. The machinable piston pin has a diameter of 25 to 35 and a length of 65 to 95 mm. The machine tool is fully automatic, the operator only needs to send the blank into the trough, press the cycle button, the blank feeding, clamping, power head advance, the car end face, the inner and outer corners, the power head retreat, loosen the clamp, and fall The actions such as materials are completely completed according to the programmed procedure. When the blank in the trough is finished, if it is no longer fed, the machine will automatically stop the cycle and shut down the pump in one minute. The tact time varies with the diameter of the piston pin and the roughness requirements, generally around 7 seconds.
This machine tool is designed by the mechanical department of our school and manufactured by Kunming Machine Tool Factory. It was completed in June 1992 at the user's factory and put into production. The work situation is in full compliance with the design requirements.
1 Overall layout
In order to facilitate the clamping and positioning of the workpiece and to ensure the surface roughness, shape and dimensional accuracy of the machined surfaces at both ends, we have adopted two mini-vehicle end-face power heads to simultaneously turn the machining solutions for both ends. The two power heads are respectively mounted on two micro hydraulic slides, and the hydraulic slides are mounted on the steel plate welding bed. The workpiece is clamped in the V-shaped block by the clamping mechanism and positioned radially. During the clamping process, the clamping mechanism simultaneously positions the workpiece axially.
In the whole machine, except for the rotary motion of the power head spindle, which is directly driven by the motor through the V-belt, other actions are performed by the hydraulic drive. The hydraulic station is designed as a separate unit that is separate from the bed. The electronic control part adopts a micro programmable controller (PLC), which is reliable in operation and long in life.
The button board is placed on the front right side of the machine and is highly suitable. The operator inserts the blank from the upper oblique groove of the machine tool, and the processed workpiece is rolled out from the front lower outlet. The processing area has a good line of sight, comfortable operation and convenient observation and adjustment. Most of the wires and tubing are hidden in the bed, and the whole body is straight, bright and simple.
2 mini car end power head
The power head spindle is supported in two tapered roller bearings. The front end has a tray connected to the cutter head, and the rear end is provided with a pulley, which is driven by a motor. The main shaft has a hollow structure with a tie rod inside. The front end of the drawbar has a rack that meshes with a gear in the cutter head. The rear end of the drawbar is connected to the piston rod of the cylinder through a two-way thrust bearing. The thrust bearing is used to separate the rotary motion of the main shaft from the piston rod.
The cutter head is connected to the spindle via a stop on the front end of the spindle. The structure of the cutter head, the cutter body 4 is provided with a radial dovetail groove, and the carriage is provided with a carriage 2, the carriage is provided with a cutter holder 1, and the back of the carriage is provided with a rack 3, a rack and a cutter The gears 5 are engaged, and when the cutter head is coupled to the main shaft, the gears simultaneously mesh with the rack 6 at the front end of the pull rod in the main shaft. When the PLC issues an instruction to move the piston rod behind the spindle back, the rack at the front end drives the cutter gear to rotate counterclockwise, and the gear drives the cutter carriage to move toward the center. There are three turning tools on the tool holder, one for turning the end face, one for turning the outer corner, and one turning tool for turning the inner corner, so that the tool holder moves in the center. The movement of the cut corner, the cut end face and the cut corner can be completed. At the end of the pass, just hit the travel switch, the cylinder is reversed and the tool holder is returned to its original position. The length of the three turning tools extending out of the holder determines the size of the inner and outer corners and the length of the piston pin. The cutter bar is milled with a small bevel to prevent the cutting force from pushing the turning tool into the tool holder.
3 micro hydraulic slide table
The power head is mounted on the table of the slide, and the table is pushed by the cylinder in the slide. There is a sequence valve connection between the slide cylinder and the cutter head cylinder. During the working cycle, the slide cylinder is first driven. When the power head is pushed into position, the table surface hits the dead stop iron, the pressure in the hydraulic system rises, the sequence valve opens, and the cutter cutter cylinder starts to move. That is to feed to the center.
4 Feeding device and clamping mechanism
The feeding device of the machine tool is relatively simple, and is a double-folded trough placed obliquely, and is automatically cut by gravity. As the clamping cylinder advances, a piston pin is pushed toward the V-shaped block for radial positioning and clamping. During the pushing of the V-shaped block, the end faces of the piston pin are in contact with the inclined faces of the two axial positioning claws, and the spring is compressed to force the piston pin to be axially positioned until the piston pin is pressed onto the V-shaped block. The axial positioning process ends. At this time, the axial positioning cylinder acts, and the axial positioning claw is pulled to the left to exit the cutting area of ​​the cutter.
In order to prevent the chip from falling on the L-shaped plate during cutting and affecting the positioning accuracy of the subsequent workpiece, the device is equipped with a rubber curtain at the pusher outlet, which is lifted up when the material is pushed and covered on the workpiece to block the splashing during processing. Chips. When the L-shaped pallet is retracted to the right, the curtain is drooped and the chips are naturally shaken off to ensure that there is no chipping in the positioning area, which improves the reliability of positioning.
5 bed
The bed is made of steel plate welded and internally poured with concrete. The welded steel bed of concrete steel plate has better technical and economic effects. Compared with the three machine tools that have been produced, the cost is less than 40% of the casting bed, the manufacturing cycle is shortened by nearly one month, the anti-vibration performance is also very good, and the processing surface is smooth. Vibration pattern. We believe that there is a certain promotion value in the design of special machine tools.
6 hydraulic system
The schematic diagram of the hydraulic system is shown in Figure 9. The hydraulic system is not plated with integrated blocks. According to the calculation, in the single piece production, the cost of the plate type is about 30% lower than that of the integrated block.
This machine adopts double pump YB12/12. Its purpose is to make each of the left and right power heads have an independent power source. The respective relief valves can be adjusted separately to make the movements of the two power heads coordinated.
Solenoid valve YV2 control clamping cylinder power off clamping 7 electrical system
The electronic control part adopts the MICRO-1 type PLC control of Japan IDEC, so the electronic control part has fewer failures and long life. In order to save the input and output points of the PLC, the manual control part of the machine did not pass the PLC. In addition, the contactor KM1 of the oil pump also employs a conventional circuit.
The automatic operation process of this machine is as follows: Turn SA1 to “Auto†and “1†to set. Press SB1 to start the oil pump, KM1 is energized and self-protected, and “0†is reset. At this time, TIM0 in the PLC starts counting. If the automatic cycle button SB5 (input point "7") is not pressed within one minute, TIM0 will cut off the oil pump (output point "200"). Conversely, if the above button SB5 is pressed within one minute of the TIM0 timing, 201 is set and self-protected, and TIM0 is turned off. At the same time, "203" is reset, so that YV2 is powered off and clamped. After clamping into position, SQ2 is turned on, so that “4†is set and YV3 and YV1 are turned on, and the two power heads are advanced. At the same time, the SQ5 of the power head is turned off, that is, “6†is reset, so that the TIM1 is timed one second later. Bit. After the power head is in place, SQ3 and SQ4 are connected, so that “5†is set. After one second delay, the two power heads are retracted to the original position, and the home switch SQ5 is pressed to set “6â€. Since the PLC scans the ladder from top to bottom, when scanning to the third row of the ladder to the third, the TIM1 has not been cut, so the auxiliary relay 403 can be set. When sweeping to the next line, the TIM1 is cut off. Use it in the next loop, so that the loop starts again. If the workpiece has been machined in the cycle, the clamping cylinder will advance a certain distance, touch the stroke switch SQ6, make "2" open, and the automatic cycle will stop. If it is not refilled within one minute, the pump motor will also automatically stop, avoiding the oil pump running for a long time.
8 Conclusion
From the perspective of the user's use, the design is always successful and the work is reliable. The disadvantage is that adjusting the width of the blanking groove and the tooling are slightly time consuming when changing the workpiece type. Secondly, the bed is welded with 14mm thick steel plates. From the last test, it is conservative. It is estimated that 12mm is enough.
This machine tool is designed by the mechanical department of our school and manufactured by Kunming Machine Tool Factory. It was completed in June 1992 at the user's factory and put into production. The work situation is in full compliance with the design requirements.
1 Overall layout
In order to facilitate the clamping and positioning of the workpiece and to ensure the surface roughness, shape and dimensional accuracy of the machined surfaces at both ends, we have adopted two mini-vehicle end-face power heads to simultaneously turn the machining solutions for both ends. The two power heads are respectively mounted on two micro hydraulic slides, and the hydraulic slides are mounted on the steel plate welding bed. The workpiece is clamped in the V-shaped block by the clamping mechanism and positioned radially. During the clamping process, the clamping mechanism simultaneously positions the workpiece axially.
In the whole machine, except for the rotary motion of the power head spindle, which is directly driven by the motor through the V-belt, other actions are performed by the hydraulic drive. The hydraulic station is designed as a separate unit that is separate from the bed. The electronic control part adopts a micro programmable controller (PLC), which is reliable in operation and long in life.
The button board is placed on the front right side of the machine and is highly suitable. The operator inserts the blank from the upper oblique groove of the machine tool, and the processed workpiece is rolled out from the front lower outlet. The processing area has a good line of sight, comfortable operation and convenient observation and adjustment. Most of the wires and tubing are hidden in the bed, and the whole body is straight, bright and simple.
2 mini car end power head
The power head spindle is supported in two tapered roller bearings. The front end has a tray connected to the cutter head, and the rear end is provided with a pulley, which is driven by a motor. The main shaft has a hollow structure with a tie rod inside. The front end of the drawbar has a rack that meshes with a gear in the cutter head. The rear end of the drawbar is connected to the piston rod of the cylinder through a two-way thrust bearing. The thrust bearing is used to separate the rotary motion of the main shaft from the piston rod.
The cutter head is connected to the spindle via a stop on the front end of the spindle. The structure of the cutter head, the cutter body 4 is provided with a radial dovetail groove, and the carriage is provided with a carriage 2, the carriage is provided with a cutter holder 1, and the back of the carriage is provided with a rack 3, a rack and a cutter The gears 5 are engaged, and when the cutter head is coupled to the main shaft, the gears simultaneously mesh with the rack 6 at the front end of the pull rod in the main shaft. When the PLC issues an instruction to move the piston rod behind the spindle back, the rack at the front end drives the cutter gear to rotate counterclockwise, and the gear drives the cutter carriage to move toward the center. There are three turning tools on the tool holder, one for turning the end face, one for turning the outer corner, and one turning tool for turning the inner corner, so that the tool holder moves in the center. The movement of the cut corner, the cut end face and the cut corner can be completed. At the end of the pass, just hit the travel switch, the cylinder is reversed and the tool holder is returned to its original position. The length of the three turning tools extending out of the holder determines the size of the inner and outer corners and the length of the piston pin. The cutter bar is milled with a small bevel to prevent the cutting force from pushing the turning tool into the tool holder.
3 micro hydraulic slide table
The power head is mounted on the table of the slide, and the table is pushed by the cylinder in the slide. There is a sequence valve connection between the slide cylinder and the cutter head cylinder. During the working cycle, the slide cylinder is first driven. When the power head is pushed into position, the table surface hits the dead stop iron, the pressure in the hydraulic system rises, the sequence valve opens, and the cutter cutter cylinder starts to move. That is to feed to the center.
4 Feeding device and clamping mechanism
The feeding device of the machine tool is relatively simple, and is a double-folded trough placed obliquely, and is automatically cut by gravity. As the clamping cylinder advances, a piston pin is pushed toward the V-shaped block for radial positioning and clamping. During the pushing of the V-shaped block, the end faces of the piston pin are in contact with the inclined faces of the two axial positioning claws, and the spring is compressed to force the piston pin to be axially positioned until the piston pin is pressed onto the V-shaped block. The axial positioning process ends. At this time, the axial positioning cylinder acts, and the axial positioning claw is pulled to the left to exit the cutting area of ​​the cutter.
In order to prevent the chip from falling on the L-shaped plate during cutting and affecting the positioning accuracy of the subsequent workpiece, the device is equipped with a rubber curtain at the pusher outlet, which is lifted up when the material is pushed and covered on the workpiece to block the splashing during processing. Chips. When the L-shaped pallet is retracted to the right, the curtain is drooped and the chips are naturally shaken off to ensure that there is no chipping in the positioning area, which improves the reliability of positioning.
5 bed
The bed is made of steel plate welded and internally poured with concrete. The welded steel bed of concrete steel plate has better technical and economic effects. Compared with the three machine tools that have been produced, the cost is less than 40% of the casting bed, the manufacturing cycle is shortened by nearly one month, the anti-vibration performance is also very good, and the processing surface is smooth. Vibration pattern. We believe that there is a certain promotion value in the design of special machine tools.
6 hydraulic system
The schematic diagram of the hydraulic system is shown in Figure 9. The hydraulic system is not plated with integrated blocks. According to the calculation, in the single piece production, the cost of the plate type is about 30% lower than that of the integrated block.
This machine adopts double pump YB12/12. Its purpose is to make each of the left and right power heads have an independent power source. The respective relief valves can be adjusted separately to make the movements of the two power heads coordinated.
Solenoid valve YV2 control clamping cylinder power off clamping 7 electrical system
The electronic control part adopts the MICRO-1 type PLC control of Japan IDEC, so the electronic control part has fewer failures and long life. In order to save the input and output points of the PLC, the manual control part of the machine did not pass the PLC. In addition, the contactor KM1 of the oil pump also employs a conventional circuit.
The automatic operation process of this machine is as follows: Turn SA1 to “Auto†and “1†to set. Press SB1 to start the oil pump, KM1 is energized and self-protected, and “0†is reset. At this time, TIM0 in the PLC starts counting. If the automatic cycle button SB5 (input point "7") is not pressed within one minute, TIM0 will cut off the oil pump (output point "200"). Conversely, if the above button SB5 is pressed within one minute of the TIM0 timing, 201 is set and self-protected, and TIM0 is turned off. At the same time, "203" is reset, so that YV2 is powered off and clamped. After clamping into position, SQ2 is turned on, so that “4†is set and YV3 and YV1 are turned on, and the two power heads are advanced. At the same time, the SQ5 of the power head is turned off, that is, “6†is reset, so that the TIM1 is timed one second later. Bit. After the power head is in place, SQ3 and SQ4 are connected, so that “5†is set. After one second delay, the two power heads are retracted to the original position, and the home switch SQ5 is pressed to set “6â€. Since the PLC scans the ladder from top to bottom, when scanning to the third row of the ladder to the third, the TIM1 has not been cut, so the auxiliary relay 403 can be set. When sweeping to the next line, the TIM1 is cut off. Use it in the next loop, so that the loop starts again. If the workpiece has been machined in the cycle, the clamping cylinder will advance a certain distance, touch the stroke switch SQ6, make "2" open, and the automatic cycle will stop. If it is not refilled within one minute, the pump motor will also automatically stop, avoiding the oil pump running for a long time.
8 Conclusion
From the perspective of the user's use, the design is always successful and the work is reliable. The disadvantage is that adjusting the width of the blanking groove and the tooling are slightly time consuming when changing the workpiece type. Secondly, the bed is welded with 14mm thick steel plates. From the last test, it is conservative. It is estimated that 12mm is enough.
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